Perfektum partisipp 📕

We have two participle forms of the verbs in Norwegian: the present participle and the perfect participle. Here we explain what the perfect participle is and how it is used:

The perfect participle forms, together with the auxiliary verb "have", the present perfect:

Present perfect = have + perfect participle

For example: I have just eaten dinner.

The perfect participle is also used to form other verb tenses:

👉 Past perfect = had + perfect participle : I had cleaned the flat before I went to the cinema.
👉 P present tense future perfect = shall + have + past participle : I will have cleaned the apartment when you get home from work tonight.
👉 P preterite future perfect: should + have + past participle : I should have cleaned the apartment yesterday, but I didn't have time.

Perfect participle used as an adjective

We can also use the perfect participle as an adjective. When the participle is in front of a plural noun, we must use the plural of the participle as well. We must also use definite form. The participle is inflected as an adjective. It therefore gets the ending -ei plural and definite form:
a used jacket – used e jackets – the used e jacket – the used jackets

We do not use the plural when the participle comes after the noun:

The jacket is used . → The jackets are used .
The book is well written . → The books are well written .

Plural of perfect participle:

We usually make the plural with -e :
a used jacket – two used jackets.

Verbs ending in -et in the perfect tense have two alternative forms in the plural of the past participle: -ete eller –ede :
a washed car – two washes cars / two wash ede cars.

Irregular verbs with -et in the perfect have -ne in the plural:

ei wrote one   ( or wrote one )   book - two wrote ne books.
a frozen one   (or freeze one )   finger – two frozen ne   fingers .